Some of these medications are also considered typical antipsychotics. Dopamine receptor antagonistsĭopamine receptor antagonists is a term that refers to several antiemetic drugs. Certain medications in this class can be used after surgery and during pregnancy.Įxamples of serotonin receptor antagonists are ondansetron (Zofran) and palonosetron. But these medications are effective for many other types of nausea and vomiting too. So serotonin receptor antagonists also help with CINV. Serotonin is another chemical released by the body after receiving chemotherapy. Serotonin receptor antagonists block serotonin from attaching and help stop this effect. These receptors trigger nausea and vomiting when serotonin attaches to them. The nerves around the digestive tract have these receptors too. A small area of the brain called the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) has serotonin receptors. Serotonin receptor antagonists also help stop nausea and vomiting. Because NK1 receptor antagonists block substance P from binding, they tend to be effective for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).Įxamples of NK1 receptor antagonists include aprepitant (Emend) and rolapitant (Varubi). This is one of the reasons chemotherapy often causes nausea and vomiting. Substance P is one of these chemical messengers. But when it attaches to the NK1 receptor, it can cause nausea and vomiting.Ĭhemotherapy can cause the body to release a lot of chemical messengers. Substance P plays a role in how we perceive pain. These receptors are triggered by a chemical called substance P (a type of NK). NK1 receptor antagonists work by blocking NK1 receptors in the brain. The receptors involved vary depending on what’s causing the nausea and vomiting. They stop them from attaching to their target locations (called receptors). This causes you to feel nauseated and/or throw up.Įxamples of these chemical messengers include:Īntiemetic drugs work by blocking one or more of these chemicals. Different chemical messengers enter or affect the “vomiting center” of the brain. But it’s actually the brain that creates these uncomfortable symptoms. We tend to think of nausea and vomiting as stomach-related problems. If you’re taking an antiemetic drug and it’s not working, it’s best to contact your healthcare provider. So some classes may work better for you than others. These medications can be an effective option, especially when these symptoms are caused by chemotherapy.Īs we’ll discuss below, antiemetic drugs can be used for different causes of nausea and vomiting. Some healthcare providers also prescribe corticosteroid medications off-label for nausea and vomiting. Not all medications in each of these classes are approved for nausea and vomiting. There are six different classes of FDA-approved antiemetic drugs: What are the different classes of antiemetic drugs? In this article, we’ll discuss the different types of antiemetic drugs and how they work. Some antiemetic drugs are available over the counter (OTC). And that’s because there are many possible ways the body can create nausea and vomiting. There are many types of antiemetic drugs available. Regardless, you may wonder if there’s something you can take to relieve these symptoms.Īntiemetic drugs are medications that can prevent or treat nausea and vomiting. But as uncomfortable as they are, they can be your body’s attempt to remove something harmful from the digestive tract.
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